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List of power stations in Sri Lanka

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Bar chart showing the installed capacities and actual electricity production by source, from year 2000 to 2017
The installed electrical capacity and production of Sri Lanka by sources, from 2000 to 2018

Sri Lanka's electricity demand is currently met by nine thermal power stations, fifteen large hydroelectric power stations, and fifteen wind farms, with a smaller share from small hydro facilities and other renewables such as solar. Most hydroelectric and thermal/fossil fuel–based power stations in the country are owned and/or operated by the government via the state-run Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB), while the renewable energy sector consists mostly of privately run plants operating on a power purchase agreement with the CEB.[1]

Per CEB's 2016 generation report released in mid-2017, the country has a total combined installed generation capacity of 4,017 megawatts (MW), of which 2,115 MW (52.65%) was from thermal (900 MW/22.40% from coal and 1,215 MW/30.25% from fuel oil), 1,726 MW (42.97%) from hydroelectricity, and the remaining 176 MW (4.38%) from other renewable sources such as wind, biomass, and solar. These generation sources produced a total of 14,149 GWh of electricity during that year, of which 9,508 GWh (67.20%), 4,220 GWh (29.83%), and 421 GWh (2.98%) was from thermal, hydro, and other renewables, respectively.[1]

Non-renewable

[edit]

As of 2015, 1,464 MW of the total thermal installed capacity was from state-owned fossil fuel power stations: 900 MW from Lakvijaya, 380 MW from the state-owned portion of Kelanitissa, 160 MW from Sapugaskanda, and 24 MW from Uthuru Janani. The remaining 641 MW of the installed thermal capacity are from six privately owned power stations. All thermal power stations run on fuel oil, except Lakvijaya, which run on coal.[2][3]

In an attempt to lower the current consumer tariff for electricity, the government has decided not to renew the power purchase agreements of privately owned thermal power stations when their licences expire, as it has done with the six now-decommissioned private power producers listed below.[4] The government will utilize the new Sampur plant combined with new renewable sources to accommodate the lost private-sector capacity, with plans to introduce nuclear power after 2030.[5]

The 500 MW Sampur Power Station was in early stages of development since 2006, but was subsequently cancelled in 2016 due environmental concerns.[6] Prior to its cancellation, the Ministry of Power and Renewable Energy also made a statement that no more coal-fired power stations will be commissioned, making Lakvijaya the only coal-fired power station in the country. Any future thermal power stations will also be natural gas–run, to reduce the nation's carbon footprint.[7]

Coal-fired power stations in Sri Lanka
Station Closest city Location Capacity (MW) Owner Notes Ref
Lakvijaya Puttalam 08°01′06″N 79°43′22″E / 8.01833°N 79.72278°E / 8.01833; 79.72278 (Lakvijaya Power Station) 900 Government   [2][3]
Sampur Trincomalee 08°29′10″N 81°18′00″E / 8.48611°N 81.30000°E / 8.48611; 81.30000 (Sampur Power Station) 500 Government Cancelled [6]
Oil-fired power stations in Sri Lanka
Station Closest city Location Capacity (MW) Owner Notes Ref
Kelanitissa Colombo 06°57′14″N 79°52′37″E / 6.95389°N 79.87694°E / 6.95389; 79.87694 (Kelanitissa Power Station) 360 Government   [2][3]
Yugadanavi Kerawalapitiya 07°00′40″N 79°52′30″E / 7.01111°N 79.87500°E / 7.01111; 79.87500 (Yugadanavi Power Station) 300 Private   [3][8][9]
Sobadhanavi Kerawalapitiya 350 Private On construction, PPP [10]
Sojitz Kelanitissa Colombo 06°57′06″N 79°52′31″E / 6.95167°N 79.87528°E / 6.95167; 79.87528 (Sojitz Kelanitissa Power Station) 172 Private   [2][3]
Sapugaskanda Sapugaskanda 06°57′39″N 79°57′40″E / 6.96083°N 79.96111°E / 6.96083; 79.96111 (Sapugaskanda Power Station) 160 Government   [2][3]
Ace Embilipitiya Embilipitiya 06°17′06″N 80°50′56″E / 6.28500°N 80.84889°E / 6.28500; 80.84889 (Embilipitiya Power Station) 100 Private Decommissioned [4]
Heladhanavi Puttalam 08°00′46″N 79°52′13″E / 8.01278°N 79.87028°E / 8.01278; 79.87028 (Heladhanavi Power Station) 100 Private Decommissioned [4]
Colombo Port Colombo 06°57′12″N 79°51′21″E / 6.95333°N 79.85583°E / 6.95333; 79.85583 (Colombo Port Power Station) 60 Government   [3][11]
Asia Power Sapugaskanda Sapugaskanda 06°57′22″N 79°56′54″E / 6.95611°N 79.94833°E / 6.95611; 79.94833 (Asia Power Sapugaskanda Power Station) 51 Private   [3]
Northern Power Chunnakam 09°44′19″N 80°02′04″E / 9.73861°N 80.03444°E / 9.73861; 80.03444 (Northern Power Station) 36 Private   [3]
Ace Horana Horana 06°43′57″N 80°08′17″E / 6.73250°N 80.13806°E / 6.73250; 80.13806 (Ace Horana Power Station) 25 Private Decommissioned [12]
Ace Matara Matara 05°59′07″N 80°33′49″E / 5.98528°N 80.56361°E / 5.98528; 80.56361 (Ace Matara Power Station) 25 Private   [4][12]
Lakdhanavi Sapugaskanda 06°57′28″N 79°57′03″E / 6.95778°N 79.95083°E / 6.95778; 79.95083 (Lakdhanavi Power Station) 24 Private   [3]
Uthuru Janani Chunnakam 09°44′27″N 80°02′00″E / 9.74083°N 80.03333°E / 9.74083; 80.03333 (Uthuru Janani Power Station) 24 Government   [3]
Aggreko Chunnakam 09°44′25″N 80°02′06″E / 9.74028°N 80.03500°E / 9.74028; 80.03500 (Aggreko Power Station) 20 Private Decommissioned [3]
Koolair Kankesanthurai 09°48′40″N 80°02′07″E / 9.81111°N 80.03528°E / 9.81111; 80.03528 (Koolair Power Station) 20 Private Decommissioned [3]
Chunnakam Chunnakam 09°44′30″N 80°02′03″E / 9.74167°N 80.03417°E / 9.74167; 80.03417 (Chunnakam Power Station) 14 Government Decommissioned [3]
MSW-fired power stations in Sri Lanka
Station Closest city Location Capacity (MW) Owner Notes Ref
Aitken Spence Colombo 07°00′59″N 79°52′14″E / 7.01639°N 79.87056°E / 7.01639; 79.87056 (Aitken Spence Power Station) 10 Private Completed [13]
Karadiyana Colombo 06°48′57″N 79°54′11″E / 6.81583°N 79.90306°E / 6.81583; 79.90306 (Karadiyana Power Station) 10 Private Under construction [13]
KCHT Lanka Jang Colombo 07°00′59″N 79°52′14″E / 7.01639°N 79.87056°E / 7.01639; 79.87056 (KCHT Power Station) 10 Private Under construction [13]

Renewable

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Hydroelectric

[edit]
See also: List of dams and reservoirs in Sri Lanka

Hydroelectricity has played a very significant role in the national installed power capacity since it was introduced in the 1950s, with over 50% of the total grid capacity met by hydroelectricity in 2000–2010. Hydroelectricity was popularized as early as the 1920s by Devapura Jayasena Wimalasurendra, who is considered as the "father of hydropower" in Sri Lanka. It lost its majority share on the power grid when further thermal power stations were introduced in 2010. The hydropower resource in Sri Lanka is divided into two main regions based on water resource, namely the Mahaweli Complex and Laxapana Complex.[14][15]

While most hydroelectric power stations are named after their water source (i.e. the name of the dam and/or reservoir), a number of facilities have different names due to the fact that they are located larger distances apart (connected via underground penstocks). Further information on each power station is included in the corresponding water source article (i.e. dam). Privately owned "small-hydro" facilities (which are limited to a maximum nameplate capacity of 10 MW by state policy),[16] are excluded from this list.

Hydroelectric power stations in Sri Lanka
Station Region Water
source 		Location Capacity
(MW) 		Commissioned Notes Ref
Victoria Mahaweli Victoria 07°12′00″N 80°48′21″E / 7.20000°N 80.80583°E / 7.20000; 80.80583 (Victoria Power Station) 210 October 1984   [2][3][17]
Kotmale Mahaweli Kotmale 07°07′41″N 80°34′42″E / 7.12806°N 80.57833°E / 7.12806; 80.57833 (Kotmale Power Station) 201 April 1985   [2][3]
Upper Kotmale Mahaweli Upper Kotmale 07°02′32″N 80°39′24″E / 7.04222°N 80.65667°E / 7.04222; 80.65667 (Upper Kotmale Power Station) 150 July 2012   [2][3][18]
Randenigala Mahaweli Randenigala 07°12′08″N 80°55′35″E / 7.20222°N 80.92639°E / 7.20222; 80.92639 (Randenigala Power Station) 126 July 1986   [2][3]
Samanala Other Samanala 06°35′03″N 80°48′29″E / 6.58417°N 80.80806°E / 6.58417; 80.80806 (Samanala Hydropower Station) 124 October 1992   [2][3]
Uma Oya Mahaweli Dyraaba 06°46′09″N 81°05′43″E / 6.76917°N 81.09528°E / 6.76917; 81.09528 (Uma Oya Power Station) 120 February 2024 [19]
New Laxapana Laxapana Canyon 06°55′05″N 80°29′31″E / 6.91806°N 80.49194°E / 6.91806; 80.49194 (New Laxapana Power Station) 100 March 1983   [2][3]
Kukule Ganga Other Kukule Ganga 06°37′00″N 80°16′33″E / 6.61667°N 80.27583°E / 6.61667; 80.27583 (Kukule Ganga Power Station) 80 July 2003   [2][3]
Polpitiya Laxapana Laxapana 06°58′40″N 80°27′24″E / 6.97778°N 80.45667°E / 6.97778; 80.45667 (Polpitiya Power Station) 75 February 1974   [2][3]
Canyon Laxapana Maskeliya 06°52′09″N 80°31′40″E / 6.86917°N 80.52778°E / 6.86917; 80.52778 (Canyon Power Station) 60 March 1983   [2][3]
Rantembe Mahaweli Rantembe 07°12′00″N 80°57′00″E / 7.20000°N 80.95000°E / 7.20000; 80.95000 (Rantembe Dam and Power Station) 52 January 1990   [2][3][20]
Wimalasurendra Laxapana Castlereigh 06°54′31″N 80°31′30″E / 6.90861°N 80.52500°E / 6.90861; 80.52500 (Wimalasurendra Power Station) 50 January 1965   [2][3]
Old Laxapana Laxapana Norton 06°55′07″N 80°29′30″E / 6.91861°N 80.49167°E / 6.91861; 80.49167 (Old Laxapana Power Station) 50 December 1950   [2][3]
Bowatenna Mahaweli Bowatenna 07°39′51″N 80°40′38″E / 7.66417°N 80.67722°E / 7.66417; 80.67722 (Bowatenna Power Station) 40 January 1981   [2][3]
Ukuwela Mahaweli Polgolla 07°23′56″N 80°39′08″E / 7.39889°N 80.65222°E / 7.39889; 80.65222 (Ukuwela Power Station) 40 July 1976   [2][3]
Broadlands Laxapana Broadlands 06°59′01″N 80°25′34″E / 6.98361°N 80.42611°E / 6.98361; 80.42611 (Broadlands Power Station) 35 [21]
Moragahakanda Mahaweli Moragahakanda 07°41′59″N 80°46′11″E / 7.69972°N 80.76972°E / 7.69972; 80.76972 (Moragahakanda Power Station) 25 July 2016   [22]
Inginiyagala Other Gal Oya 07°39′50″N 80°40′39″E / 7.66389°N 80.67750°E / 7.66389; 80.67750 (Inginiyagala Power Station) 11 1951   [2][3]
Udawalawe Other Udawalawe 06°25′55″N 80°51′02″E / 6.43194°N 80.85056°E / 6.43194; 80.85056 (Udawalawe Power Station) 6 April 1969   [2][3]
Nilambe Mahaweli Nilambe 07°11′48″N 80°36′44″E / 7.19667°N 80.61222°E / 7.19667; 80.61222 (Nilambe Power Station) 3.2 July 1988   [2][3]
Deduru Oya Other Deduru Oya 07°43′06″N 80°16′28″E / 7.71833°N 80.27444°E / 7.71833; 80.27444 (Deduru Oya Power Station) 1.5 November 2014   [23]
  • Aerial view of the Victoria Dam, showing the closed spillways.
    The Victoria Dam fuels the single largest hydroelectric power station in the country, with 210 MW of installed capacity.[17] Shown here is the dam during dry season, 2011.
  • The Upper Kotmale Dam under construction in April 2011.
    The Upper Kotmale Dam under construction in April 2011. The dam is now complete and powers its 150 MW power station located 13 km away.[18]
  • View of the Randenigala Dam and spillways from the Rantembe Reservoir, downstream.
    The Randenigala Dam as seen from the Rantembe Reservoir in December 2012. The Rantembe Dam is located just 3 km downstream of Randenigala.[20]

Solar power

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Solar power is a relatively young segment in the energy industry of Sri Lanka. As of 2015, only a few grid-connected solar farms were operational, including a state-run facility. Despite at least half a dozen private companies applying for development permits for photovoltaic and solar thermal projects,[24] most have not actually commenced construction.

Solar farms in Sri Lanka
Solar farm Location Capacity (MW) Owner Notes Ref
Hambantota 06°13′34″N 81°04′35″E / 6.22611°N 81.07639°E / 6.22611; 81.07639 (Hambantota Solar Power Station) 1.2 Government   [24][25]
Laugfs 06°13′47″N 81°04′48″E / 6.22972°N 81.08000°E / 6.22972; 81.08000 (Laugfs Solar Power Station) 20.0 LAUGFS Holdings   [26]
Maduru Oya 07°38′53″N 81°12′25″E / 7.64806°N 81.20694°E / 7.64806; 81.20694 (Maduru Oya Solar Power Station) 100.0 Mixed Proposed [27]
Sagasolar 06°13′54″N 81°05′08″E / 6.23167°N 81.08556°E / 6.23167; 81.08556 (Sagasolar Power Station) 10.0 Sagasolar Power   [28]
Solar One Ceylon 07°58′30″N 81°14′10″E / 7.97500°N 81.23611°E / 7.97500; 81.23611 (Solar One Ceylon Power Station) 12.6 WindForce   [29]

Wind power

[edit]

Sri Lanka's wind power sector saw activity as early as 1988, when studies were conducted to build a pilot wind project in the Southern Province. More than a decade later, the state-owned 3 MW Hambantota Wind Farm was commissioned. The industry stayed dormant till 2003, when the National Renewable Energy Laboratory conducted further wind power studies in the island, before which the industry went into dormancy for a further seven years.[30]

Unlike the other industries, Sri Lanka's wind energy industry witnessed a sudden boom in 2010, with the commissioning of the Mampuri Wind Farms, the first private-sector wind project in the country's history.[31][32] It then suddenly crashed over the following four years after numerous scandals and hidden political dealings surfaced, involving key governing bodies such as the Sustainable Energy Authority and Ceylon Electricity Board, along with a number of senior individuals.[33]

The last privately owned first-come, first-served style wind farm projects, the Pollupalai and Vallimunai Wind Farms, were completed in late 2014, by when the construction of new privately owned wind farms were suspended until further notice by presidential order.[33] The largest private-sector beneficiaries of the "wind power boom" are WindForce and Senok, which currently own seven and three separate wind farms respectively, of the total of 14 privately owned wind farms in operation as at 2015.[34] The other companies in the market include the semi-private LTL Holdings, Aitken Spence, and Willwind, which are currently operating four wind farms in total.[24]

Wind farms in Sri Lanka
Farm Location Capacity (MW) Owner Operator Notes Ref
Ambewela Aitken Spence 06°50′36″N 80°48′47″E / 6.84333°N 80.81306°E / 6.84333; 80.81306 (Ambewela Aitken Spence Wind Farm) 3 Aitken Spence Ace Wind Power   [24][35]
Hambantota 06°08′46″N 81°06′47″E / 6.14611°N 81.11306°E / 6.14611; 81.11306 (Hambantota Wind Farm) 3 CEB CEB Decommissioned [36][37]
Madurankuliya 08°00′46″N 79°43′37″E / 8.01278°N 79.72694°E / 8.01278; 79.72694 (Madurankuliya Wind Farm) 12 WindForce Daily Life Renewable Energy   [24]
Mampuri-I 08°00′37″N 79°43′24″E / 8.01028°N 79.72333°E / 8.01028; 79.72333 (Mampuri Wind Farm I) 10 Senok Senok Wind Power   [24][38]
Mampuri-II 07°58′35″N 79°43′53″E / 7.97639°N 79.73139°E / 7.97639; 79.73139 (Mampuri Wind Farm II) 10.5 Senok Senok Wind Energy   [24][38]
Mampuri-III 08°00′35″N 79°43′44″E / 8.00972°N 79.72889°E / 8.00972; 79.72889 (Mampuri Wind Farm III) 10.5 Senok Senok Wind Resource   [24][38]
Thambapavani Wind Farm 09°03′01″N 79°47′13″E / 9.05028°N 79.78694°E / 9.05028; 79.78694 (Mannar Island Wind Farm) 103.5 CEB CEB [39][40]
Nala Danavi 08°05′23″N 79°42′33″E / 8.08972°N 79.70917°E / 8.08972; 79.70917 (Nala Danavi Wind Farm) 4.8 LTL Holdings Nala Danavi   [24][41][42]
Nirmalapura 07°57′53″N 79°44′07″E / 7.96472°N 79.73528°E / 7.96472; 79.73528 (Nirmalapura Wind Farm) 10.5 WindForce Nirmalapura Wind Power   [24][43]
Pawan Danavi 08°02′56″N 79°43′08″E / 8.04889°N 79.71889°E / 8.04889; 79.71889 (Pawan Danavi Wind Farm) 10.2 LTL Holdings Pawan Danavi   [24]
Pollupalai 09°34′40″N 80°19′12″E / 9.57778°N 80.32000°E / 9.57778; 80.32000 (Joule Wind Farm) 12 WindForce Joule Power   [24][44]
Seguwantivu 08°02′48″N 79°48′54″E / 8.04667°N 79.81500°E / 8.04667; 79.81500 (Seguwantivu Wind Farm) 9.6 WindForce Seguwantivu Wind Power   [24][45]
Uppudaluwa 07°58′52″N 79°46′33″E / 7.98111°N 79.77583°E / 7.98111; 79.77583 (Uppudaluwa Wind Farm) 10.5 WindForce PowerGen Lanka   [24][46]
Vallimunai 09°33′54″N 80°20′12″E / 9.56500°N 80.33667°E / 9.56500; 80.33667 (Beta Wind Farm) 12 WindForce Beta Power   [24][47]
Vidatamunai 08°04′00″N 79°47′38″E / 8.06667°N 79.79389°E / 8.06667; 79.79389 (Vidatamunai Wind Farm) 10.4 WindForce Vidatamunai Wind Power   [24][45]
Willwind 06°36′40″N 80°44′44″E / 6.61111°N 80.74556°E / 6.61111; 80.74556 (Willwind Wind Farm) 0.85 Willwind Willwind   [24]

See also

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References

[edit]
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  27. ^ "Sri Lanka govt to call bids for 100MW floating solar power plant". Lanka Business Online. 1 March 2017. Retrieved 1 July 2017.
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  38. ^ a b c Charumini De Silva (18 March 2010). "Senok opens first commercial wind power park". Daily News. Sri Lanka. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
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  44. ^ "Windforce Power Projects: Joule Power". Windforce (Pvt) Ltd. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
  45. ^ a b "Seguwantivu and Vidatamunai Wind Farms". Windforce (Pvt) Ltd. Retrieved 13 October 2012.
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  47. ^ "Windforce Power Projects: Beta Power". Windforce (Pvt) Ltd. Archived from the original on 4 November 2015. Retrieved 24 October 2015.
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